Running Head Dual Relationships1. . Dual Relationships

Running head: DUAL RELATIONSHIPS 1 DUAL RELATIONSHIPS 11 Dual Relationship Issues in Social Work Clinical Supervision Melissa Harcrow WNMU School of Social Work Definition of Problem The ethics of social workers engaging in possible conflicts of interest in the case of boundary and dual relationships presents major challenges for the clinical social work supervisor. After the many mistakes in this realm during the formative period of social work during the 20th century the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) and the American Psychological Association (APA) have defined various code of ethics and practice standards in order to shield vulnerable clients from over-confident, manipulative, or confused†¦show more content†¦It centers on a holistic approach to psychotherapy and the client’s relationship to his or her environment. Clinical social work views the client’s relationship with his or her environment as essential to treatment planning.† (NASW, 2008) Through the lens of the Code of Ethics, various guidelines have the potential to be impacted through this practice if attention to method, transference /countertransference, mindfulness and competence are not examined. The three primary ethical principles that have the potential to be impacted would be; 1) Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise, 2) Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships, and 3) Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person. To ensure that all three potential conflicts are not present, a supervisee should research and interview potential clinical supervisors prior to engaging in a contractual relationship. Secondly, a supervisee should partner with their potential supervisor to discuss, evaluate, and plan for potential pitfalls within the relationship through a very objectively written contract with accountability built in to ensure that potential issues are proactively addressed. And finally, a

Gender, Race, Social Class And Relationship Essay

Gender, Race, Social Class and Relationship â€Å"How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie† is in the first story collection of Junot Diaz that was published in 1996. Junot Diaz was born in Dominican Republic, he moved to the United States at the age of seven. He is currently a creative writing teacher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Meyer 97). In the short story, Diaz describes how a teenage boy approaches romantic relationships and characterizes the girls based on their race and social class, instead of focusing on their individuality. The author also adds some sarcastic details to point out that a relationship should be built on trust, not massive lies. In the book Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, Barry defines narratology â€Å"as the study of how narratives make meaning, and what the basic mechanisms and procedures are which are common to all acts of story-telling† (Barry 214). Barry also introduces the narrative theories of famous narratologist s - Aristotle, Vladimir Propp, and Gerard Genette. In Genette’s theory, he discusses six areas including narrative mode, focalisation, kinds of narrators, timing, types of narratives, and different types of speeches. The story â€Å"How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie† answers six questions from the theory of Genette and has successfully depicted Diaz’s theme regarding the impact of gender, race, and social class on one’s behavior towards others, In hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Daughter From Danang 1272 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the process of social construction, various social statuses, such as race, class, and gender, are given a deeper meaning than simply a category. In turn, these statuses begin having an effect on the groups they encompass, causing some groups to become dominate over others and shaping the hierarchy of their society. 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This matrix shows that there is no one way to understand the complex nature of how gender, race and class inequalities within women’s lives can be separated; for they are intertwined within each other. Gender order according to our text is labeled as â€Å"hierarchal† (2008), stating that â€Å"Men dominate women in terms of wealth, power, and social position, but not all menRead MoreClassism: The Concept Essay574 Words   |  3 PagesAt first glance it might appear that a study of first generation students would naturally reflect a racial relationship and race would be the â€Å"ism† that is most influential on first generation students’ university attrition. This is especially true when the focus of the study is turned toward historically black colleges and universities. Additionally, a case could be built for the racial â€Å"ism† aspect of the study by focusing on the history of HBCU and the large concentration of first generation African

Voting System free essay sample

Introduction The Student Council elections have always been a perennial activity for every school. It is an activity wherein each student is required to choose from a set of candidates who will represent each position in the Student Council. In order for the student to accomplish this, the student must go through several processes. First the student must go to the Administration Office if he is a registered voter, then goes to the voting area and chooses the candidates he likes. After that, the student submits the filled-up ballot form to the voting administrator in order for his votes to be cast. Then the student is marked with an indelible ink to signify that he has already voted. After all the votes have been cast, the voting procedure goes again through several processes. The votes are collected and are then counted, which could take several hours to several days, depending on the volume of votes. B. Background of the Study The introduction of computers greatly enhances the speed and efficiency of voting process. Results could be attained even right after the elections reducing the time to a mere fraction compared to the time it takes if the voting is done manually. It also increases the level of the voting experience because of multimedia enhancements. The manual voting system of San Juan National High school lacks the advantages of a Graphical User Interface that the Windows OS could offer. It is in this effect that the proponent has decided to propose a system to improve the existing manual voting system. The proponent aims to convert the existing manual system into a Graphical User Interface to take advantage of the many possibilities that a visual program could offer. C. The Theoretical Framework The following paradigm illustrates the theory of the input-process-output of the system. Existing System Proposed System Fig 1. 0 Theoretical Framework of Existing and Proposed System The Theoretical Framework of the study can be clearly explained through the Input-Processed-Output Paradigm. The Input represents those things that brought into the system processing. Processing is the step that represents the transformation of the things that entered the system as input. A series of processing that takes place to complete the transformation. The system will be the one to provide the list of all the candidates for each position, thus, giving the user the easiness and time-saving effort compared to the manual system. The system will automatically tabulate the votes of the user. The results of the processing are represented by the Output that is the results of the tabulation for each candidate. The middle portion of the paradigm represents the existing system, illustrating the manual process of gathering information from the student. This serves as the proponents input, then the process is the one wherein the proponents fills up the necessary forms, listing down all the candidates, plus the effort of the administrator to tally all the votes manually and compute the total number of votes for each candidates, thus, resulting to the output wherein the administrator will produce the results of the election. D. Statement of the Problem The study aims on the development and design of Student Council Voting to make it more efficient for the students and staff in the campus. The study will answer the following questions: 1. What are the perception of the student and staff on the following items: a. Accuracy of casting votes b. Speed of processing of the entire voting procedure. c. Security of vote ballots. 2. How speed affects the efficiency of Student Council Election in terms of paper ballot system? 3. In case there’s a need to deliver additional candidates information during the voting procedure, is it possible to add one? E. Significance of the Study The focus of this study is on the improvement of manual system of San Juan National High school. Aside from the fact that it can be used in a school-based election, for future enhancements and modifications, it can also be used in a nationwide election. Economic Significance. Due to the fact that the existing manual system is very time consuming, with the proposed system it can be used as a tool for decreasing the number of people assisting the election. Hence, it lessen the cost of the school expenses. Social Significance. We can say that the proposed system is subject for enhancement in case that it will be used for the small organization election, thus, making the Philippines one of the countries that will be practicing a computerized system election for academic institution. In addition, it also familiarized people how computerized voting works. Technological Significance. The system has its contribution for the development and widely use of technology. F. Scope and Delimitation The proponent proposed a system entitled, â€Å"SJNHS Student Council’s Voting System† which will be programmed in Visual Basic. Net. The proposed system is capable of running in a networked environment and has a user-friendly interface. The proposed system also has improved efficiency in terms of program security. It can also produce a printed output of the tally sheets of each candidate. It can also display all the names of the voters and those who haven’t voted yet. The student should only enter their voter id number and they will already be able to vote. The system has also its limitations. It cannot be applied in a nationwide electoral area. G. Definition of terms Vote.

Discrimination Within The Death Penalty Essays - Crime,

Discrimination Within The Death Penalty Hutchinson, Death Penalty, 1 ?They [prisoners sentenced to death] are almost all poor, usually white, often high school dropouts. Most have never killed before. Most are from the South? (Benac). Introduction: Opponents of the death penalty have said that capital punishment does nothing to deter crime. There is some critical information that is important to know before going more in depth on this discussion. The purpose of this paper is not to discuss whether capital punishment is effective in deterring crime nor does it present any ethical arguments regarding it. It is to discuss whether it is used in a universally just and fair manner. Presently, approximately 3, 565 prisoners are living on death row. The costs for death penalty cases are enormous, possibly soaring in to the millions. (National Association?) ?Since 1973, over 160 children [defined as anyone under the age of 18] in the U.S. have been sentenced to die? (National Association?). It is possible that ten percent of death row inmates are mentally retarded. ?Approximately 90% of those whom prosecutors seek to execute are African-Americans or Latino? (National Association?). Considering all of the above facts, there are obviously some distinct problems with the manner in which the death penalty is imposed. In particular, class differences along with race can drastically affect the manner in which death penalty cases are handled. Costs: Lower class people get a worse defense than wealthy people. The costs for a capital defense case can add up quickly: DNA tests, experts, background and psychiatric investigations. Many lower class people have to ?depend upon public attorneys who are not really qualified? (ABCNEWS.com?). There is a bill in Congress that would Hutchinson, Death Penalty, 2 regulate state standards for appointed defense attorneys for capital cases but it is doubtful that this will be a quick solution. There is also a bill in Congress that would guarantee DNA analysis for inmates, both federal and state, after their convictions. (ABCNEWS.com?) The awareness of this problem is even occurring in the Supreme Court. Problems: There have been many attempts to fix what is wrong with capital punishment and sentencing. According to Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackman in the Collins versus Collins 1994 decision, ?the death penalty remains fraught with arbitrariness, discrimination, caprice, and mistake (Culver). It has to be admitted that race plays a part as well as class since normally the two social aspects go hand in hand. Not only race of the defendant but of the victim have to be considered when understanding the idiosyncrasies of sentencing. While race may be focused on more in the media, class or socioeconomic status controls the reins even more. ?The vast majority of people executed since 1977, when employed, worked in menial or low-paying jobs at the time they committed their capital crimes? (Culver). Not only is income level influential but educational level is as well. The average educational level for prisoners on death row in 1996 was only the 11th grade with 15% of them having less that an 8th grade education. (Culver) Defense: One of the chief concerns in the sentencing phase is that of the defense attorney. Lower class people cannot afford high-profile lawyers or those experienced specifically Hutchinson, Death Penalty, 3 in capital cases. The attorney may not have a great deal of competency when it comes to criminal law. The accused also may not be able to help provide resources for such things as analysis and/or research that would aid in defense. ?The attorney who is inexperienced and who represents an indigent accused of a capital crime is unlikely to command the resources needed to assemble a panel of mental health professionals and verify the extent of the problems maintained by the defense or to persuade a jury of the important absence of other compelling evidence? (Culver). This also helps explain why the mentally retarded do not get fair trials either and, even with the mentality of a child, can end up on death row. The astronomical costs of representation in federal death penalty cases stems from the sever pressure the cases place on the attorneys along with several other factors. These factors may include the following: skill of the counsel, the amount of time the lawyer has to spend on the case,

The role of genetics in development

The role of genetics in development Genetic factors have a significant role in determining human development. It involves understanding the inheritance of genes from parents to offspring and gene processes that may have impacts on human development. Researchers have concentrated on understanding human growth and differentiation right from the fertilized ova to adulthood. They have noted that development and various characteristics result from the expression of some specific genes (Berger, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The role of genetics in development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, genetic factors influence how a child develops. Genetics provides specific and basic blueprint that determines child development. However, it is important to recognize the role of environment in influencing a child’s development. For instance, some environmental factors like nutrition may alter the gene setup of an individual. In such cases, th ey may deter growth to achieve full potential or inhibit development of certain body composition, which could result in genetic disorders. One must note that genetics composition and environmental factors interact to determine development in individuals (Mossler, 2011). Genes of the two parents could influence the traits of an offspring. However, expressions of genes from parents depend on two different factors. These include interactions among genes and further interaction in genotype and with the environment. Interactions between genes could result in conflicting information. In some cases, one gene could dominate the other. Not all genes have the same manner of interaction because others may be additive. For instance, a child could have both short and tall parents. The genes may not dominate each other and such a child could end up with an average height. In some cases, the child may exhibit â€Å"dominant-recessive gene patterns† (Miko, 2008). This is common in eye colors where brown eye genes are â€Å"dominant while blue eye genes become recessive† (Miko, 2008). One parent may pass a dominant gene to the child. In this case, the dominant gene will win over the recessive gene, and the child may exhibit the characteristics of a parent who produced dominant genes (Miko, 2008). Genes also interact with environments. The environment may affect gene expression in children for the rest of their lives. For example, pregnant women who expose their fetuses to harmful chemicals could create conditions that would later affect their children’s development.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, environmental factors could affect genes responsible for a child’s height. For instance, persistent illness or poor diets could deter the expressions of genes responsible for the child’s height. In such cases, the child would n ot be tall as the genetic code had shown. Parents may also pass hereditary conditions to their offspring. This could result in genetic disorder. It is important to recognize that genes interaction processes are not infallible. Thus, defects may occur during the process. Under some circumstances, the number of chromosomes in a sperm or ovum may not be even. This may result in either more or less chromosomes than in normal circumstances (the number of normal chromosomes are 23). In situations where abnormal cells interact and stick together with normal cells, â€Å"the resultant fertilized ovum (zygote) will also have abnormal number of chromosomes† (Miko, 2008). Some studies have hinted that most of the fertilized eggs normally result in abnormal genes with more or less than 23 chromosomes. However, the body aborts most of these abnormal zygotes, and they never develop to achieve a full-term period of a fetus. Disorders result from zygotes, which develop to full-term fetuses. Such disorders affect child development. Researchers have linked some disorders entirely with genetic interactions, whereas in other cases, genetic factors may have partial roles. Tay-Sachs disease is an â€Å"inherited condition of the nervous system† (Jasmin, 2012). The disease progressively affects â€Å"neurons in the brain and spinal cord† (Jasmin, 2012). The defective gene on â€Å"chromosome 15 is responsible for Tay-Sachs condition† (Jasmin, 2012). Both parents must be â€Å"carriers of the Tay-Sachs gene in order for the child to develop the condition† (Jasmin, 2012). Every parent must contribute the responsible gene. However, the child may be â€Å"a carrier of Tay-Sachs disease only if one parent passes the abnormal gene him or her† (Jasmin, 2012). This would not result in Tay-Sachs condition, but the child will have the possibility of passing the condition to his or her children. One can observe Tay-Sachs disease between â€Å"the age of three and six months after birth† (Jasmin, 2012). At infancy, children with Tay-Sachs disease experience slow developments and weaknesses in their muscles.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The role of genetics in development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Infants progressively lose motor skills, they may not move. Later on, children with the condition may develop â€Å"seizures, vision and hearing loss, intellectual disability, and paralysis† (Jasmin, 2012). Examination of the eye can reveal a cherry-red spot in such children. Children with extreme conditions may not live beyond their early childhood stage. There are other rare forms of the condition, which have mild symptoms relative to severe cases during infancy stage. Children with mild forms of Tay-Sachs also have weak muscles, ataxia, speech, mental, and movement challenges. Tay-Sachs disease has no cure, but physicians can only improve condit ions of children with it. There are no existing methods of preventing Tay-Sachs disease. However, genetic testing can reveal a carrier, and a couple can decide before starting a family. Evidently, genetics have critical influences on child development. However, genetic factors may interact with environmental factors in order to control a child’s development. References Berger, K. (2000). The developing person: Through childhood and adolescence. New York: Worth Publishers. Jasmin, L. (2012). Tay-Sachs disease. Web. Miko, I. (2008). Genetic dominance: genotype-phenotype relationships. Nature Education 1(1).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mossler, A. (2011). Child and adolescent development. San Diego: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Religious Rights of Women in Islam with Common Misconceptions of Research Paper

Religious Rights of Women in Islam with Common Misconceptions of Islamic Women in Western Culture - Research Paper Example In Islamic nations, and according to Sharia law, these have been conserved in a bid to empower women despite having secular western laws. As for marriage, women can either agree or refuse to marry, and the man has a responsibility to be the protectors of their wives according to the Islamic laws. Western laws have infiltrated most aspects of rights about criminal, financial and criminal law. Therefore, women have retained personal rights on a number of crucial issues that affect them. Islam, according to the Quran, advocates equality of both man and woman as God’s creations and grants women several rights that include the right to inherit property and own it. It also provides for women to be recognized as individuals with a legal personality unlike thoughts of Islamic women in the western world (Hashmi 591). This is because  the western world’s has  misconceptions of Islamic women being slaves to men in their households are greatly contradicted. However, Islamic wom en have a degree of inequality to men according to Quranic provisions that are followed in the Islamic world. The Islamic world allows for a patriarchy society where men are the leaders and are regarded as the financial providers. Moreover, Islamic religion stipulates that inheritance of women to be half of that which men receive from their parents (Hashmi 591). Thus, the misconceptions towards Islamic women in the western culture to a certain degree are justified, as the rights of women in Islam are sometimes discriminatory. In addition,  women are considered to be worth less than men; this is evident concerning bearing witness, where only the testimony of two men can hold against that of a single woman (Hashmi 592). This proves how much the religious rights of Islamic women are used against them. In western culture, Islamic women are viewed as oppressed and have no say in issues that affect them in the society. To many, this may be viewed as a misconception by the west whereas i t has a degree of truth in it. This is because those who understand the Islamic religion argue that inequality in gender issues is deeply rooted in Islamic religious literature. Moreover, rights movements are seen as products from the west and are considered secular and to have no effect in Islamic society. Therefore, Islamic women who participate in rights advocacy perceive themselves as facing oppression from their own religious beliefs; hence, they are alienated from the society.   However, there are groups of Islamic women who attempt to rewrite the religious rights granted to them by the same Islamic faith they profess (El-Mahdi 380). This is in a bid to have â€Å"normal† human rights applied to them similar to men; in addition, religion is taking a big part in influencing politics, therefore, affecting the religious rights of Islamic women. For example, Islamism is gaining ground in social politics, which, in turn, subordinates women’s rights in society concer ning political safety and legitimacy (El-Mahdi 382). Thus, Islamic women have enjoyed religious rights for a long period especially during colonization when secularization had allowed women to campaign for their rights, and for them be involved in the control of the patriarchal society (El-Mahdi 383). This was due to the weakening of the religious hierarchy and rise of secular institutions. In Islamic societies, Islamic religion does not bar or hinder the

Three most common drugs in USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three most common drugs in USA - Research Paper Example The research has also concluded that, over five years people have come fonder of marijuana, mainly including the group age of 12 or older. The survey of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has recorded that, 70,000 of the population hits under this age group. This usage of marijuana drug is increasing because of the announced legalization of marijuana, comprising the medical terms. Usage of marijuana has been legalized by the two states of America, Washington and Colorado. On the other hand, the other 20 states have approved and consent the usage of marijuana on the medical terms only. This is the reason, why people of age 12 or older are accessing marijuana easily in Washington and Colorado. Even the Justice Department of US refused to take any challenge against the legalization of marijuana. The people in these states can openly be prosecuted by the federal law, even if they stood by the state law. President Obama said that, the usage of drugs is committed for the public health purpose only, not a criminal justice problem. The legalized law of marijuana other than the medical purpose is allowing people a free hand to go for this drug, â€Å""These statistics represent real people, families and communities dealing with the devastating consequences of abuse and addiction." (Leinwand) Cocaine is another type of drug which is being roughly used is America. The survey conducted by The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), has recorded that in the year 2008 there has been 1.9million users of cocaine. Out of this number approximately 359,000 has been recorded as the current crack users. The most age group of Americans using cocaine is the adults from age 18 to 25 years old. Men are highly involved in the usage of cocaine as compared to women. Powder cocaine has been in the use of the students of 8th, 10th and 12th grade from late 1990s. But the previous record